Compassion vs. Empathy: Their Meanings and Which to Use (2024)

Compassion and empathy are fundamentally different but closely related. Consider these definitions:

• Empathy definition:empathy is our feeling of awareness toward other people's emotions and an attempt to understand how they feel.
• Compassion definition:compassion is an emotional response to empathy or sympathy and creates a desire to help.

Empathy is an understanding of our shared humanity. It’s the ability to see yourself in another person’s shoes. Compassion adds another dimension of a desire to help.

What is empathy?

Empathy is the awareness of other people's emotions and the ability to understand their feelings and emotions.

Empathy is deeply rooted in our brains and bodies. It’s so rudimentary that it’s actually instinctual.

This type of empathy is what psychologists typically refer to as cognitive empathy. There are many reasons to practice empathy. It’s both good for our personal health and our work relationships.

The problem with empathy is the flip side that psychologists refer to as emotional empathy. That’s our yearning to not only understand other people but to feel their pain, too.

Professor of Psychology at Yale University,Paul Bloom (who authored a book on the topic) writes, “Recent research in neuroscience and psychology (to say nothing of what we can see in our daily lives) shows that empathy makes us biased, tribal, and often cruel.”

Studies suggest that empathy — while well-intentioned — isn’t neutral. It's even suggested that it can sometimes hurt more than help our relationships and our ability to lead effectively.

Empathy can make us unconsciously more sympathetic towards individuals we relate to more. This makes us less likely to connect with people whose experiences don’t mirror ours.

That’s because empathy comes from a feeling of sameness. Being human is a good starting point. But from there, biases are impossible to avoid.

A freshman from your “alma mater” feels more connected to you than a random stranger. A natural disaster that displaces people from your home country hits a lot closer to home. It feels more relevant, even if everyone affected is a complete stranger.

Objectively, the distress or suffering is the same, yet the relationship changes your emotional response.

Plus, empathy is unfeasible in the long term. When we’re exhausted and burned out, we’re inevitably less able to give to the teammates who need us most.

What is compassion?

So what makes compassion different? Unlike empathy, compassion creates emotional distance from the individual and situation. Compassion is the ability to recognize someone's suffering and a desire to want to help them.

Bypracticing compassion, we canbecome more resilient and improve our overall well-being.Bloom says, “careful reasoning mixed with a more distant compassion […] makes the world a better place.”

It’s no wonder that some of the greatest minds in business today are singing, if not a new tune, an evolved one: the tune of compassion.

In fact,a study from Emory University showedpromising results. Medical students (with stressful and challenging work environments) benefited greatly from compassion training. It helps future doctors “stay compassionate toward their patients while maintaining personal well-being.” It also helps in limiting their stress levels.

Compassion creates emotional distance from the individual and the situation we’re facing.

Why compassion matters

Not all human instincts are rooted in goodwill and compassion. We often let other people’s emotions affect us, or even misjudge them based on our own biases. But you have the power to rise above that.

Fred Kofman shared a seminal piece of advice with LinkedIn CEO Jeff Weiner. He said:“Wisdom without compassion is ruthlessness and compassion without wisdom is folly.”

The statement had a profound effect on Weiner. Hetold an audience at Wisdom 2.0that it led him to create a personal vision statement. His life focus is expanding the world’s collective wisdom through compassion. That’s become the North Star for LinkedIn.

But it’s not always easy.Speaking at the Stanford Graduate School of Business,Weiner talked about biases. He says the natural response many people have when they disagree with someone is to get angry and defensive. Even worse, we often “blindly mirror their emotions or assume bad intentions.” Our biases kick in, even when we’re being empathetic.

With compassionate management, a leader can detach herself from her emotions and thoughts. Instead of reacting on autopilot, she can go beyond thefeelingandmanage an appropriate response.

In a sense, true compassion is about going beyond emotion or rationalization and being kind regardless. It’s not easy, but that’s what makes it especially powerful.

The importance of practicing compassion and empathy

The good news is that you can train and improve both empathy and compassion. Training and exposure are similar in both areas. They increase our awareness of others’ needs, values, and life experiences.

For compassion, the change starts within. Practices that help us connect more to our own values can increase both our sympathetic concern and our intention to help.

It starts with yourself. As we further develop our ability to help others, we become more compassionate.

As we practice compassion and see the impact it has on others — team members, peers, family — we become more compassionate in how we think, feel, and act. It’s a positive feedback loop. We become better at helping and serving others, and everyone benefits.

This effect leads to an environment that’s energizing and generative for everyone. That’s what makes compassion sustainable and sustaining for leaders.

Anempathetic leader can establish a connectionwith teammates and encourage collaboration. They can even influence staff to be more loyal to an organization. They can even influence staff to be more loyal to an organization. But on the flip side, their own biases might cloud their judgment. Even ethical judgment can become eroded. That’s where compassion comes in.

In fact,research has shownthat through coaching in compassion, leaders can “experience psychophysiological effects that restore the body’s natural healing and growth processes, thus enhancing their sustainability.”

The ultimate goal of compassionate management, according to Weiner, is compromise and shared understanding. Emotional leadership can be exhausting, but compassionate leadership doesn’t have to be.

In business, compassion isn’t about becoming a slave to your emotions. It’s about grabbing control of the reins. It’s about overcoming the biases you normally act with.

Through practice, you can become a better boss, coworker, and person.

Most businesses no longer revolve around factories producing the same basic products.

The days of man-as-machine type of assembly-line labor are over. You need your employees to consistently deliver high-quality emotional and intellectual labor.

You came here asking yourself, “what is compassion?” Hopefully, you now understand why compassion is a must-have as a leader and an employee. Of course, it takes more than good intentions, or even compassion, to transform your company culture.

At BetterUp, we love equipping leaders and managers with the tools they need to change their companies.Request a demotoday to find out more.

Well-being