counterclaim (2024)

A counterclaim is defined as a claim for relief filed against an opposing party after the original claim is filed. Most commonly, a claim by thedefendantagainst theplaintiff.

Overview:

When composing ananswer,defendantsmay assert their own claims against theplaintiff. For all purposes within the trial, theplaintiffacts in a defensive posture regarding these counterclaims, and thedefendantacts in an offensive posture. Thus, for example, thedefendantbears the burden of proof on counterclaims.

There are permissive and compulsory counterclaims. "Common law compulsory counterclaims" are counterclaims that, if successful, would nullify theplaintiff’sclaim. If defendants do not raise these counterclaims, they cannot sue on them later in a different lawsuit. For example, if Company A sues Company B for breach of contract, and Company B did not make any counterclaims, Company B could not later sue Company A for fraudulently inducing it to sign the contract in the first place.SeeRes Judicata.See, e.g.,Cardinal Chemical v. Morton International.

Many jurisdictions have also created additional classes of compulsory counterclaims. For example,Rule 13of theFederal Rules of Civil Procedurerequires defendants to raise as a counterclaim any claim they have against parties already in the lawsuit if the claim "arises out of the same transaction or occurrence" as one of the plaintiff's claims.

Permissive counterclaims are counterclaims addressing matters unrelated to theplaintiff’sclaims. This allows parties to settle all their otherwise unrelated disputes in one single lawsuit.

If thedefendants’counterclaims address the same basic issues as theplaintiff’sclaims, courts usually address the claims and counterclaims at the same time. If the counterclaims involve distinctly different issues or facts, the court may choose to address them separately.

See:Civil Procedure.

See, e.g.; Martin v. Law Offices of John F. Edwards 262 F.R.D. 534 (2009).

[Last updated in July of 2022 by the Wex Definitions Team]

counterclaim (2024)

FAQs

What is counterclaim and example? ›

When one person sues another in a court of law and the defendant responds by filing their own lawsuit against that person, that's a counterclaim.

What counterclaim means? ›

A counterclaim is defined as a claim for relief filed against an opposing party after the original claim is filed. Most commonly, a claim by the defendant against the plaintiff.

What is a counterclaim argument? ›

A counterclaim is an argument that argues in opposition to the author's claim. An effective counterclaim works to disagree with and disprove the author's claim.

What is a counterclaim in an answer? ›

A counterclaim is a claim for relief by the defendant against the plaintiff. The answer or response ("Responsive Pleading") to the complaint may include a counterclaim. There is no filing fee to file a counterclaim.

What is a good sentence for counterclaim? ›

I heard he'd be out in a day and was considering a counterclaim. The defendant may also file a counterclaim against the plaintiff, or a cross-claim against a fellow defendant. The company stated it was owed income from contracts ending in 1918, the government counterclaimed several years later that it was overcharged.

What are some counterclaim words? ›

How can I start my rebuttal?
  • However…
  • What this argument overlooks…
  • This view seems convincing/plausible/persuasive at first, but…
  • While this position is popular, it is not supported by the facts…
  • Although part of this claim is valid, it suffers from a flaw…

How do you start a counterclaim sentence? ›

  1. Critics argue that…( counter-Argument here), however, …
  2. It is often thought that… (counter-argument here), but…
  3. It might seem that… (Counter-argument here), but…
  4. A common argument againist this position is… (counter-argument here), however, …
  5. It's easy to think that… ...
  6. While some reseachers say…

Why use counterclaim? ›

Counter-claims will help you develop a well-rounded argument by showing you've considered many possible positions on your topic. 1. If something about the text or issue you are considering bothers or intrigues you, make note of it.

What are 2 synonyms for counterclaim? ›

Synonyms of counterclaim
  • complaint.
  • lawsuit.
  • cross-claim.
  • litigation.
  • countersuit.
  • cross action.
  • suit.
  • cause.

Where do you put counterclaim? ›

A counter-argument can appear anywhere in your essay, but it most commonly appears: As part of your introduction—before you propose your thesis—where the existence of a different view is the motive for your essay, the reason it needs writing.

What is a counterclaim paragraph example? ›

Example: Many people argue that bullying is a natural part of our humanity and that preventative measures are ineffective against this element of the human condition; however, they fail to understand that bullying is a cycle that has been perpetuated for centuries and that all cycles can be broken.

How long should a counterclaim be? ›

A typical counterclaim should be at least one paragraph long. Remember that you are not just stating it but explaining why it is so. That is why most guides on writing a counterclaim and rebuttal will recommend either writing them in one paragraph or separately.

What happens if you don't respond to a counterclaim? ›

If the defendant fails to assert a counterclaim in their answer, they are thereafter precluded from asserting it against the plaintiff in the plaintiff's pending action or in an independent action.

What happens if you don't answer a counterclaim? ›

If you don't, the plaintiff can ask for a default. If there's a default, the court won't let you file an Answer and can decide the case without you.

Is a counterclaim a pleading? ›

A pleading may state as a counterclaim any claim against an opposing party not arising out of the transaction or occurrence that is the subject matter of the opposing party's claim.

How do you start a counterclaim example? ›

  1. Critics argue that…( counter-Argument here), however, …
  2. It is often thought that… (counter-argument here), but…
  3. It might seem that… (Counter-argument here), but…
  4. A common argument againist this position is… (counter-argument here), however, …
  5. It's easy to think that… ...
  6. While some reseachers say…

What is an example of a countersuit? ›

Imagine getting in a car accident that wasn't clearly the fault of either driver. If the other person is injured, she might sue you to pay her doctor bills. If you, in turn, have a hurt neck requiring a trip to the hospital, you could file a countersuit, hoping to make her pay your medical expenses.

What is an example of claim and evidence? ›

CLAIM: Spinach is better for you than chocolate. EVIDENCE: 1. One cup of spinach only has 7 calories while only 1 ounce of dark chocolate has 150 calories.

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