Types of Reservation Guaranteed reservation Non –guaranteed reservation Reservation Procedure Chart The enquiry for reservation Determining the room availability Accepting or denying reservation request Documenting the room request Confirming the reser (2024)

Types, Modes and Source of Reservation

Types of Reservation

Types of ReservationGuaranteed reservationNon –guaranteed reservationReservation Procedure ChartThe enquiry for reservationDetermining the room availabilityAccepting or denying reservation requestDocumenting the room requestConfirming the reservation requestMaintaining Whitney rackBlocking rooms on reservation chartSources of reservationTravel agentCompanies/corporate housesAirlinesEmbassies/consulatesNGOs/INGOsGovernment Office and MinistriesPersonal approachModes of reservationLetterTelephoneFAX (Far access Xerox)CRS (central reservation system).In personE-mail /internetFactors Affecting ReservationConfirmationCancellationOverbookingWalk-inNo-showOver and Under stay guest (1)

(Source:racolblegal.com)

There are two types of reservation and they are:

  • Guaranteed reservation

In this guest confirms the booking by paying a conformational charge and on another hand hotel also hold the room request until specific due dates and time of arrival. It protects hotel revenue in case of no show until cancellation is done as per hotel rules.

  • Non –guaranteed reservation

A conditional reservation or simple agreement between guest and the hotel in which hotel agrees to hold the room until 6 pm on the date of arrival. If the guest fails to attain within cancellation hours, the room will be released for resale.

Reservation Procedure Chart

  1. The enquiry for reservation

When a reservation request is received then reservationist must determine reservation details and guest purpose of stay. The details are;

Name of guest, address of guest, date of arrival, date of departure, desire of room type, contact address, desired room rate, etc

  1. Determining the room availability

The next step is to find out whether the requested room is available on requested date or not. Room availability can be determined through forecast board, computers, and reservation chart.

  1. Accepting or denying reservation request

If the room and rate are at par then accept the room request. If the room is not available then apologize the guest and offer any other alternatives.

  1. Documenting the room request

After accepting reservation request, guest details are fill up on form as well as on computers.

  1. Confirming the reservation request

When client and hotel agree on room and rates then reservation assistant confirms reservation request.

  1. Maintaining whitney rack

Whitney rack means reservation rack. It is the series of a rack with small slots to hold reservation slip that is displayed on reservation office. Reservation slip is made of two copies, one goes to Whitney rack and another one is attached with reservation form or file. Reservation slip may be color coated. Every color is separated into the types of guest for example;

Pink reservation slip for free individual travellers, red reservation slip for groups and crews guest, yellow reservation slip for very important guest(VIPs), green reservation slip for guest brought by travel agents.

  1. Blocking rooms on reservation chart

A reservation chart is based on the basis of a reservation system. Each page represents a month. The vertical column represents each day of a month while the horizontal columns represent the room in the hotel. The number of horizontal columns depends on upon the number of rooms in a hotel. Each block is created in a matrix then represent the room on a particular day of the month. Or in other words in this process, the reservationist block the requested room on the requested date on reservation chart.

Types of ReservationGuaranteed reservationNon –guaranteed reservationReservation Procedure ChartThe enquiry for reservationDetermining the room availabilityAccepting or denying reservation requestDocumenting the room requestConfirming the reservation requestMaintaining Whitney rackBlocking rooms on reservation chartSources of reservationTravel agentCompanies/corporate housesAirlinesEmbassies/consulatesNGOs/INGOsGovernment Office and MinistriesPersonal approachModes of reservationLetterTelephoneFAX (Far access Xerox)CRS (central reservation system).In personE-mail /internetFactors Affecting ReservationConfirmationCancellationOverbookingWalk-inNo-showOver and Under stay guest (2)

Sources of reservation

Request for room reservation may come from a number of sources by a prospective guest. The most common sources of reservation are as follows:

1. Travel agent

Travel agent acts as a middleman between guest and hotel by making a reservation for a guest. A travel agent may make a reservation for FITs (Free individual travelers) or chance guests.

2. Companies/corporate houses

The companies may book rooms or other services for their visitors, executives, delegators or clients in a hotel at special rates.

3. Airlines

Different airlines book hotel rooms for their regular crew members or for their clients in case of cancellation of their onward flights and also for the use of their executives.

4. Embassies/consulates

They provide large business in capital cities for their visiting dignitaries, executive, officers etc

5. NGOs/INGOs

These group book hotel rooms directly for conducting seminars, research, training programmes etc.

6. Government Office and Ministries

The can be a good source of reservation of rooms for several visiting dignitaries, executive, officers from different countries to participate conference and seminars conducted and hosted by government officials.

7. Personal approach

The may directly give their reservation to the hotel. They are also termed as FITs (Free individual travelers) or chance guest. Those guest are also termed as walk-in guests.

Modes of reservation

The reservation may come from the guest directly through different organization but the medium through which the reservation requests reach the hotel are also different and they are as follows:

  1. Letter

A return request for room, reservation is sent directly to hotel reservation section through the post office, hand delivery or by courier.

  1. Telephone

Today's most common system is a telephonic reservation. These are a faster way of getting confirmation and are handled directly by reservation staff. Guest can directly reserve hotel rooms through the telephone.

  1. FAX (Far access Xerox)

The most common and cheapest modes of reservation in which written statement and graphics are transmitted over telephone lines.

  1. CRS (central reservation system)

Many hotels have their own CRS network which allows direct reservation access to a travel agent, clients through their own network.

  1. In person

A person can directly arrive at the hotel to seek reservation which is usually low in practice.

  1. E-mail / internet

Due to fast advancement and development of internet all over the world, today most of the hotel allows reservation online on the internet through their websites. Even reservation sent on e-mail is accepted.

Factors Affecting Reservation

  • Confirmation

It is legal document indicating acceptance of room request made by a guest and the hotel. It may be either guaranteed or non-guaranteed reservation. It affects room occupancy by if a guest does not check in or check out on time.

  • Cancellation

This means the room which was previously booked again becomes available for resale due to personal reasons or natural rules then guest has to pay a certain compensation and remaining amount are refunded.

  • Overbooking

It is the tendency of booking more room than the room available in the hotel. It is a strategy adopted to maximize room revenue and in order to prevent no show, last minute cancellation. Overbooking must be practiced carefully in case of overbooked room guest must be transferred to same standard hotel and the extra burden should be handled by the hotel itself.

  • Walk-in

Walking refers to a guest who arrives at the hotel without reservation. They are always called chance guest. Walk-in should be handled carefully and accommodated by following walking formalities with secure advance deposit. If walk-in could not be accommodated they should be referred to a similar hotel nearby. Walk-in generates revenue but also bear risk to the hotel.

  • No-show

A guest who doesn't arrives to pick up the reservation and for which formal cancellation is not done by them. In this case of no-show, a hotel will compensate some amount of money and remain money is refunded. In a case of natural circ*mstances like an earthquake, flight delayed total money are refunded. Generally no-show occurs in small number in a hotel, but it can affect the reservation and hotel business as well as hotel revenue.

  • Over and Under stay guest

If a guest stays in hotel rooms beyond the scheduled departure date that is called overstay. Guest who check out before scheduled departure date then it is called under the stay. This types of guest in the hotel can affect the normal operation of a hotel.

References:

Joshi, Basant Prasad et.al., Fundamentals of Hotel Management-XII, Sukunda Pustak Bhandar,Kathmandu

Bhandari, Saroj Sing et.al., Principle of Hotel Management-XII, Asmita Publication, Kathmandu

Oli, Gopal Singh et.al., Hotel Management Principle and practices-XII, Buddha Prakashan, Kathmandu

Types of Reservation

Guaranteed reservation
Non –guaranteed reservation

Reservation Procedure Chart

The enquiry for reservation
Determining the room availability
Accepting or denying reservation request
Documenting the room request
Confirming the reser (2024)

FAQs

What is Title 3 ADA compliance? ›

Title III of the ADA prohibits discrimination based on disability in places of public accommodation. A place of public accommodation is defined as a privately operated facility whose operations: Affect commerce.

What is Article 3 of ADA? ›

Title III prohibits discrimination on the basis of disability in the activities of places of public accommodations (businesses that are generally open to the public and that fall into one of 12 categories listed in the ADA, such as restaurants, movie theaters, schools, day care facilities, recreation facilities, and ...

How long can they keep you on a plane at the gate? ›

For flights departing from a U.S. airport, airlines are required to begin to move the airplane to a location where passengers can safely get off before 3 hours for domestic flights and 4 hours for international flights.

What are the reasons for denied boarding? ›

Bumping, also known as “denied boarding,” happens when there are more passengers scheduled to fly on an airplane than available seats. The business practice of bumping is not illegal. Airlines oversell their scheduled flights to a certain extent in order to compensate for “no-shows.”

What are the 5 ADA titles? ›

The ADA is divided into five titles:
  • Employment (Title I) ...
  • Public Services (Title II) ...
  • Public Accommodations (Title III) ...
  • Telecommunications (Title IV) ...
  • Miscellaneous (Title V)
Jul 26, 2012

What is Title 4 of the ADA? ›

Title IV of the ADA covers telephone and television access for people with hearing and speech disabilities. It requires telephone and Internet companies to provide a nationwide system of telecommunications relay services that allow people with hearing and speech disabilities to communicate over the telephone.

What are the 12 categories of the ADA? ›

There are 12 categories of places of public accommodation under the ADA:
  • Places of lodging.
  • Food and drink establishments.
  • Place os exhibition or entertainment.
  • Places of publich gathering.
  • Sales or rental establishments.
  • Service establishments.
  • Public transportation terminals, depots or stations.

What is the difference between Title 2 and 3 of ADA? ›

Title II is about state and local governments (public entities), while Title III is about businesses and nonprofits that are open to the public (public accommodations).

What are Titles II and III of the ADA? ›

Title II extends a prohibition on discrimination to the activities of state and local governments regardless of whether such entities receive federal financial assistance. Title III prohibits discrimination on the basis of disability in places of public accommodation.

Can you stay at airport gate overnight? ›

In many airports, the answer is yes. However, there are airports that close at night and other airports that simply do not permit/like airport sleepers and are openly hostile. We suggest you visit the airport guide for the airport you are inquiring about.

Can you leave the airport while waiting for a flight? ›

The short answer is yes. It is possible to exit and reenter the airport. Whether or not you should depends on a range of factors, including if you're traveling internationally or domestically and how much time you have between flights.

How many hours can a plane fly without stopping? ›

This depends on the size of the plane, its efficiency, and how fast it's flying. A modern Boeing 747 can fly about 15,000 km (9,500 miles) when it's flying at 900 kmh (550 mph). This means it can fly non stop for almost 16 hours!

What qualifies you for priority boarding? ›

Boarding order

Active duty U.S. military with military I.D. *Eligible AAdvantage® credit cardmembers (on American Airlines flights) include: Citi® / AAdvantage® Platinum Select World EliteTM Mastercard.

Can someone without a boarding pass go through security? ›

For TSA officers, the machine helps them quickly recognize valid, expired or fraudulent IDs. The unit also seamlessly connects to the Secure Flight database, which confirms information like an individual's travel date, airline and flight number, making a boarding pass simply not necessary.

What qualifies you for pre boarding? ›

Pre-Board: Pre-boarding is reserved for those passengers with situations that require them to have a specific seat on the plane due to a disability or those who need assistance in boarding or stowing an assistive device. A pre-boarding designation needs to be arranged prior to boarding.

Who is exempt from ADA compliance? ›

The ADA does not apply to religious organizations and private clubs, entities which historically have been exempt from federal civil rights laws. Places of worship and other facilities controlled by a religious organization, such as a school or day care center, are not subject to the ADA Standards.

What is ADA requirements? ›

ADA compliance requires employers, state and local governments, and businesses to provide equal access and opportunities for people with disabilities. This includes: Providing accessible facilities that are free from barriers. Ensuring accessible communications such as provision of auxiliary aids and services.

How many ADA titles are there? ›

The ADA is broken up into five different sections, which are called titles. Different titles set out the requirements for different kinds of organizations. For example, Title I of the ADA covers requirements for employers, and Title II covers requirements for state and local governments.

What is Title 7 of the ADA? ›

Title VII prohibits employment discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex and national origin.

What is Title IV authorization? ›

What is the purpose of the Title IV authorization form? The purpose of this form is to allow students. or parents to authorize the university to apply federal financial aid proceeds to pay charges related to a prior term, future.

What are the four primary purposes of the ADA? ›

The ADA's four primary goals include full participation, equal opportunity, independent living and economic self-sufficiency.

What are ADA Titles 1 5 and what do they do? ›

It prohibits disability discrimination. The ADA is divided into four main sections, which are called Titles: Title I covers employment; Title II covers public entities and public transportation; Title III covers public accommodations and commercial facilities; and Title IV covers telecommunications.

How many categories of disability are there? ›

CRS aimed to find states that provided operational definitions of eligibility criteria for the 14 disability categories in the IDEA.

What is the American with disabilities Act of 1990? ›

The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) became law in 1990. The ADA is a civil rights law that prohibits discrimination against individuals with disabilities in all areas of public life, including jobs, schools, transportation, and all public and private places that are open to the general public.

Is Title II the same as SSDI? ›

The Social Security Administration (SSA) administers two programs that provide benefits based on disability: the Social Security disability insurance program (title II of the Social Security Act (Act)) and the Supplemental Security Income (SSI) program (title XVI of the Act).

What is Title 2 of American with Disabilities Act? ›

Title II of the ADA requires state/local governments to give people with disabilities an equal opportunity to benefit from all of their programs, services, and activities.

What is Title 2 in Social Security? ›

The Title II System maintains the basic information we collect to determine individuals' entitlement to benefits under Social Security and Medicare programs and includes personal identification data about individuals such as names, dates of birth, Social Security numbers, and marital status.

How does Title II of the ADA affect policing? ›

A: Title II of the ADA prohibits discrimination against people with disabilities in State and local governments services, programs, and employment. Law enforcement agencies are covered because they are programs of State or local governments, regardless of whether they receive Federal grants or other Federal funds.

What is the primary difference between Title II regulations and Title III regulations of the 2010 ADA Standards Title II establishes? ›

The major difference between the two titles is that Title II has administrative requirements for an ADA coordinator, self-evaluation, transition plan, grievance procedure and public notice; and Title III does not.

What is ADA Title III barrier removal? ›

Title III entities are required to remove architectural and communication barriers that are structural in nature in existing facilities when it is 'readily achievable' to do so. A barrier removal task that can be accomplished without much difficulty or expense is considered readily achievable.

Can I live in an airport? ›

Nonetheless, it is possible to live in airports because they do offer many of the basic amenities needed for survival: food, water, bathrooms and shelter. And while airport operations do not necessarily run 24/7, airport terminals often open very early in the morning and stay open until very late at night.

Can I sleep in an airport lounge? ›

Head to Airport Lounges

The downside is that most lounges aren't open overnight. There are exceptions though, such as the Plaza Premium Lounge in Hong Kong. However, many lounges allow you to buy a day pass, which can get you access to food, showers and a place to rest if you didn't get much sleep the night before.

Do you tip at airport lounge? ›

Even though they're "free" to us, the servers don't care if you pay with cash, credit or a Priority Pass card. Many of them depend on tips to supplement their income, and here you should tip the same as you would if you were dining out on your own dime.

Will plane tickets go down if I wait? ›

By waiting for the right time, you will save plenty of money on your plane tickets. So, when do prices drop for flights? Answer: Prices drop for flights around 60 days away from departure. This is a loose rule with a window of 45-90 days out, but I usually find my best prices about two months away from traveling.

Can I go to airport 2 hours before my flight? ›

“As a general rule of thumb – for domestic flights, you should try to get to the airport 2 hours before your flight departure time,” explains Laura. “That should leave you plenty of time to make your way through security checks and to the gate.

Can I getting to the airport 45 minutes before flight? ›

If you are checking a bag and flying within the U.S., the majority of airports require you to check in 40-45 minutes before your flight, though John F. Kennedy International Airport (JFK) is a notable exception to this, requiring passengers to do so 60 minutes before.

How many hours can a pilot fly in 7 days? ›

(d) No pilot may fly more than 32 hours during any seven consecutive days, and each pilot must be relieved from all duty for at least 24 consecutive hours at least once during any seven consecutive days.

Can a plane fly for 24 hours without stopping? ›

Can a plane fly for 24 hours without stopping? Theoretically it is possible but even a supersonic jet would be hindered by factors such as speed restrictions and in-flight refuelling. Yes – but only in theory. The Earth is roughly 40,000km in circumference at the equator, and completes one rotation every 24 hours.

How long can an airline pilot fly in a day? ›

Flight times within the duty periods are restricted to a maximum of 8 hours for flight crews consisting of one pilot and 10 hours for flight crews consisting of two pilots. The 8-hour and 10-hour flight time limitations include any additional commercial flying performed by the flight crew during the period.

Does priority boarding get you through security faster? ›

With Sky Priority, you'll enjoy faster check-in and accelerated security, early boarding, and expedited baggage service.

Do you have to pay for priority boarding? ›

Priority boarding is just that: passengers who have purchased priority boarding are able to board with this group. There is no way to earn priority boarding other than by purchasing it.

What does Group 4 priority mean? ›

Boarding group 4 on American Airlines includes Gold AAdvantage members, Oneworld Ruby members, AirPass members, premium economy passengers, AAdvantage Executive World Elite cardmembers, passengers who have purchased priority boarding, and eligible corporate travelers. Group 4 is also known as priority boarding.

Can I go straight to security if I have my boarding pass on my phone? ›

Can I use my mobile boarding pass to go through the security checkpoint and board my flight? Yes, simply show your mobile boarding pass on a mobile phone, iPad, or Apple Watch and a valid form of identification to the TSA Agent at security to proceed.

Can I go straight to security if I have a digital boarding pass? ›

Save valuable time with your mobile boarding pass: if you are travelling with carry-on baggage only, you can go straight to security and then proceed to your gate.

What does TSA look for when they scan your ID? ›

The TSA officer may ask you to complete an identity verification process which includes collecting information such as your name, current address, and other personal information to confirm your identity. If your identity is confirmed, you will be allowed to enter the screening checkpoint.

Can airlines ask what your disability is? ›

Generally, airline personnel may not ask what specific disability the person has, but they can ask questions regarding the person's ability to perform specific air travel-related functions, such as boarding, deplaning or walking through the airport.

Can you pre board for anxiety? ›

The law states that you qualify for preboarding if you need “additional time or assistance to board, stow accessibility equipment, or be seated.” It's very feasible to imagine someone with a severe anxiety disorder that needs extra time to board without dealing with the rush of a normal boarding procedure.

Does pre boarding mean I have the job? ›

Preboarding is the period of time between an employee accepting their job offer and their first day. Essentially, it's a subsection of the overarching onboarding process.

What are ADA Titles II and III? ›

Title II states that providing public accommodations to government services, buildings, and public accommodations are required in nearly every case. Title III requires most online businesses to provide auxiliary accommodations when they are able to do so.

What damages are available under Title III of the ADA? ›

Monetary damages do not include punitive damages. They do include, however, all forms of compensatory damages, including out-of-pocket expenses and damages for pain and suffering. 2) Not exceeding $100,000 for any subsequent violation.

What are the levels of ADA compliance? ›

ADA Compliance Checklist for Websites
  • Level A (minimum) - The most basic web accessibility features. ...
  • Level AA (mid-range) - Deals with the biggest and most common barriers for disabled users.
  • Level AAA (highest) - The highest level of web accessibility.

What does ADA qualified mean? ›

Under the ADA, a qualified individual with a disability is an individual with a disability who meets the essential eligibility requirements for receipt of services or participation in programs or activities.

What is 35.108 definition of disability? ›

§ 35.108 Definition of “disability.” (1) Disability means, with respect to an individual: (i) A physical or mental impairment that substantially limits one or more of the major life activities of such individual; (ii) A record of such an impairment; or.

What are three 3 types of damages award in a tort case? ›

While there are numerous types of damages, you will in all likelihood only need to consider three or less. These three types of damages are economic damages, non-economic damages, and punitive damages.

How do you avoid an ADA lawsuit? ›

Being proactive in ensuring your business premises are compliant with ADA requirements for accessibility in public spaces is the best way to protect against ADA lawsuits.

What is AA and AAA accessibility? ›

Electronic Accessibility

WCAG 2.0 guidelines are categorized into three levels of conformance in order to meet the needs of different groups and different situations: A (lowest), AA (mid range), and AAA (highest). Conformance at higher levels indicates conformance at lower levels.

Is ADA compliance necessary? ›

Why is ADA Compliance important? Having ADA-compliant content, not only promotes equality and accessibility but also saves a ton of legal cases from being filed against the brand or company. Every year thousands of cases are filed by people with disabilities against companies that do not accommodate the ADA guidelines.

What is the difference between ADA compliant and ADA accessible? ›

The most significant difference between ADA-compliant and wheelchair-accessible units is that to be ADA compliant, there must be enough space for a wheelchair user to do a 360-degree turn. These units also have reinforced construction and reinforced handrails.

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