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April 19, 2024

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IMPORT QUOTA: A limit on the importation of a particular good brought into one country from another country. An import quota, for example, would stipulate something like only X million pounds of swiss cheese can be imported into the United States from Switzerland each year. Such import quotas are a popular type of nontariff barrier imposed by countries throughout the world, competing with tariffs as the number one trade restriction. The general justification for import quotas is to protect domestic firms and industries from unfair competition by foreign companies. While this can be needed, import quotas are frequently used by oligopoly firms, with significant political influence to limit competition and maintain market control.

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AVERAGE-MARGINAL RELATION:

A mathematical connection between a marginal value and the corresponding average value stating that the change in the average value depends on a comparison between the average and the marginal. This mathematical relation between average and marginal surfaces throughout the study of economics, especially production (average product and marginal product), cost (average total cost and marginal cost), and revenue (average revenue and marginal revenue). A similar relation is that between a total value and the corresponding marginal value.
The mathematical relation between average and marginal means that the average value is "driven" by the marginal value.
  • If the marginal is less than the average, then the average declines.

  • If the marginal is greater than the average, then the average rises.

  • If the marginal is equal to the average, then the average does not change.
The reason for this relation is that average value is based on the existing situation that is then modified by the marginal value. This average-marginal relation applies to average and marginal product, average and marginal cost, average and marginal revenue, and well, any other average and marginal encountered in the study of economics.

To illustrate the basic nature of the average-marginal relation consider an example. Suppose that there is a room containing five people that have been painstakingly and accurately measured for height. The average height of this group is 66 inches (5' 6"). Some are taller than 5' 6" and some are shorter, but the average is 5' 6".

What happens to this 5' 6" average should a sixth person enter the room? This surely depends on the height of this extra person, this marginal addition to this group, does it not?

  • If this "marginal" person is 6' tall, then the group's average rises to exactly 5' 7". The marginal is greater than the average, and the average rises.

  • If the marginal sixth person is, however, a mere 5' tall, the marginal is less than the average, then the average declines to 5' 5".

  • And if the new, marginal person, is exactly 5' 6'', the same as the existing average, then the average does not change.
Average and Marginal Product
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This average-marginal relation can be graphically illustrated, using the average product and marginal product curves displayed to the right. A comparison between average product and marginal product reveals three alternatives.
  • When the marginal measure is greater than the average measure (that is, the marginal product curve lies above the average product curve), then the average measure increases (and the average product curve has a positive slope).

  • Alternatively, when the marginal measure is less than the average measure (that is, the marginal product curve lies below the average product curve), then the average measure decreases (and the average product curve has a negative slope).

  • In addition, when the marginal measure is equal to the average measure (that is, the marginal product curve intersects the average product curve), then the average measure does not change (and the average product curve has a zero slope).

<=AVERAGE FIXED COST CURVEAVERAGE PHYSICAL PRODUCT=>
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AVERAGE-MARGINAL RELATION, AmosWEB Encyclonomic WEB*pedia, http://www.AmosWEB.com, AmosWEB LLC, 2000-2024. [Accessed: April 19, 2024].

Check Out These Related Terms...

| average product and marginal product | average product | marginal product | average product curve | marginal product curve | production stages | total-marginal relation |

Or For A Little Background...

| marginal product | average product | marginal cost | marginal revenue | slope |

And For Further Study...

| production possibilities | short-run production analysis | long-run production analysis | consumer demand theory | law of diminishing marginal returns | law of diminishing marginal utility | law of increasing opportunity cost | U-shaped cost curves |

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FAQs

AmosWEB is Economics: Encyclonomic WEB*pedia? ›

AmosWEB means Economics with a Touch of Whimsy!

How to explain economics to a kid? ›

Economics is the study of the economy, or the part of a society that creates wealth. Wealth is not just money. Wealth comes from the production of goods and services, which people buy with money.

What is a simple definition of economics? ›

Economics can be defined in a few different ways. It's the study of scarcity, the study of how people use resources and respond to incentives, or the study of decision-making. It often involves topics like wealth and finance, but it's not all about money.

What is economics in simple words essay? ›

Economics is a social science that focuses on the production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services. The study of economics is primarily concerned with analyzing the choices that individuals, businesses, governments, and nations make to allocate limited resources.

What is an example of economics? ›

A more well-known example of economics is supply and demand. Let's say raspberries are in season, so there's a higher supply. A seller will decrease the price of their raspberries to help sell them before they go bad.

How to teach economics to a kid? ›

10 Simple Ways to Teach Kids Economics
  1. Don't give kids an allowance; instead, pay them for chores. ...
  2. Take them to a farmer's market or flea market and watch what happens there. ...
  3. Have them ask their grandparents what things used to cost when they were young. ...
  4. Get them a copy of Whatever Happened to Penny Candy?

What is macro economics for kids? ›

Macroeconomists analyse the performance of the entire economy to gain insights into trends, growth, and challenges. For example, they examine how many cars are produced in a country, how much money people spend on toys, and how government decisions impact jobs and prices.

What is economics in one words? ›

Economics is the science which studies human behaviour as a relationship between ends and scarce means which have alternative uses.

How to introduce economics to students? ›

Economics can be easily taught when a teacher has got practical/real life examples of the concepts to be discussed in the classroom. Technical jargons of this subject are better understood when a short story/case is presented to students.

What are the five basic concepts of economics? ›

The 5 basic economic principles include scarcity, supply and demand, marginal costs, marginal benefits, and incentives. Scarcity states that resources are limited, and the allocation of resources is based on supply and demand. Consumers consider marginal costs, benefits, and incentives when purchasing decisions.

What are two ways that socialism affects businesses? ›

  • What are two ways that socialism affects businesses?
  • because government owns many of the basic businesses such as utilities.
  • through higher levels of taxation.
  • through fewer regulations about the environment.
  • by limiting membership in labor unions.
Jan 11, 2024

Is economics an art or science? ›

Economics is generally regarded as a social science, although some critics of the field argue that it falls short of the definition of a science for a number of reasons, including a lack of testable hypotheses, lack of consensus, and inherent political overtones.

Why is economics important in day to day life? ›

Budgeting: Understanding economics helps individuals and households to make informed decisions about their budgets, including how much to save, spend, and invest. 2. Purchasing: Economics influences the prices of goods and services we purchase, including factors such as supply and demand, inflation, and taxes.

What is economics in real life? ›

Economists study how companies are organized within industries and how those companies compete. Economists analyze savings, investments, and risks. Economists study the impact of foreign and domestic policies on trade. Economists study the labor supply and the demand for labor by employers.

What are the 3 laws of economics? ›

What Were Adam Smith's 3 Laws of Economics? The law of self-interest, the law of competition, and the law of supply and demand were the three laws of economics written by Adam Smith.

What are the 4 main types of economics? ›

Each economy functions based on a unique set of conditions and assumptions. Economic systems can be categorized into four main types: traditional economies, command economies, mixed economies, and market economies.

What is economics in kindergarten? ›

In this curriculum, students are introduced to basic personal finance and economic concepts, such as scarcity, choice, goods, services, saving, spending, and banks. They explore these concepts through popular children's literature to reinforce reading fluency.

What is the study of economics for dummies? ›

Economics is the study of our market system; it's the study of how people make choices about what they buy, what they produce, and how our market system works.

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