As investment banking recruitment has moved up earlier – especially in the U.S. – many students “miss” the process or start too late to have a good chance.
And in other regions, timing differences for degrees and gap years mean that not everyone can complete internships in the traditional time frame.
Finally, work experience expectations have risen over time, and you may not even be competitive in IB summer internship recruiting without other finance internships first.
These factors have made the off-cycle investment banking internship a popular strategy for many students.
In other words, rather than completing an internship during the normal period (the summer in the northern hemisphere), you do it during the fall, winter, or spring – or even after graduation.
Unfortunately, this topic is tricky to discuss because “off-cycle” means something different in Europe vs. the U.S. vs. elsewhere, and it also differs at different types of banks.
I’ve seen some people suggest that off-cycle investment banking internships are better than the traditional summer ones, but I don’t think this is correct.
Instead, off-cycle internships are useful under specific conditions, but you shouldn’t view them as an alternative to normal internships – they’re more like a supplement, pre-requisite, or backup plan.
But let’s start with the definitions, key differences, and different variations:
What is an Off-Cycle Investment Banking Internship?
Off-Cycle Investment Banking Internship Definition: In an off-cycle IB internship, you work at a bank for 3-6 months outside the traditional summer period, and you typically win the internship via networking or a less-structured recruiting process.
This definition is intentionally vague because people use the term “off-cycle” to refer to all of the following:
- A traditional IB internship that leads to a potential full-time offer, but with different timing due to a university’s trimester system or other non-standard enrollment dates.
- An informal and unadvertised internship at a boutique bank (or PE/VC firm) that you complete part-time during the school year in Year 1 or 2 of university.
- A standard 6-month internship in a continental European country where everyone has to do several 6-month internships to have a chance of winning full-time offers in the country (e.g., France or Germany).
- A 3-6-month internship at a large bank that starts in a non-summer month, such as January, and which may or may not result in a full-time return offer (common in Europe but rare in the U.S.; they’re sometimes labeled “Winter” or “Spring” internships).
There isn’t much to say about variations #1 and #3: you pretty much have to do off-cycle internships, at least if you want to work in a country where they’re required.
Variations #2 and #4 are more interesting because these types are “potentially useful but not required.”
If you already have one solid summer internship, high grades, and a brand-name university, an off-cycle internship at a boutique bank may not add much.
But if you don’t have all three of those, an off-cycle internship could make you more competitive for future internships and full-time roles.
The case for an off-cycle internship at a large bank (variation #4) is much weaker, in my opinion.
If you have to do it because of timing issues or because you started recruiting very late, fine, go ahead.
But there’s rarely a reason to do this type of internship instead of a traditional summer one (see below).
Why Do an Off-Cycle Investment Banking Internship?
People sometimes argue that off-cycle internships are “better” than traditional summer ones because of:
- Ease of Recruiting – The claim here is that interviews will be less intense, the questions will be easier, and the process will be less structured. Also, fewer candidates might apply, which improves your odds.
- Reduced Intensity – Some also argue that the internship itself might be easier, with reduced hours and expectations, since it’s not part of the bank’s normal, structured process.
With the first claim about easier recruiting, interviews are often less rigorous if you network with boutique firms and get a bank to create an internship for you.
However, you’ll also spend more time emailing people and setting up calls, so I’m not sure I’d say that recruiting is “easier” overall.
You’ll still spend a good chunk of time on the process, but you will not need to know technical topics in the same depth.
And with off-cycle internships at large banks in Europe, you’ll still go through the same process of online applications/assessments, assessment centers, standard interviews, and so on.
Yes, fewer people apply, but fewer spots are also available – maybe ~15-20% of the summer internship openings.
And most of the students applying to these roles have already interned at other banks, so it’s not as if you’ll suddenly go from “low chance” to “competitive” (unless your profile has changed significantly).
The second claim above about the reduced intensity might be true for informal internships at boutique firms, especially if you’re working there part-time.
But it’s not true at all for off-cycle roles at the large banks – in fact, you might end up working even longer hours because:
- There are fewer other interns, so the work per intern is higher.
- There’s usually more deal activity outside the summer months, especially in Europe, since everyone goes on vacation in August.
Why NOT Do an Off-Cycle Investment Banking Internship?
Besides the issues above, there are some other potential downsides:
- Compensation – These internships at boutiques and smaller firms are often unpaid or offer significantly lower pay than the large banks.
- Full-Time Return Offers – These are off the table if you’re interning at a boutique. But even if you’re at a large bank, your chances of getting a return offer are arguably a bit lower because you’re outside the normal intern pipeline.
Examples of Banks That Offer Off-Cycle Investment Banking Internships
If you’re aiming for boutique firms, you should be able to find firms in your area via simple Google searches.
The larger banks often post these openings on job boards and their internal sites.
Here’s an example from Goldman Sachs that sums up off-cycle internships in Europe quite well:
Credit Suisse also has a section about off-cycle internships on its site, as do many other large banks.
You can easily find specific job postings from the large banks on all the usual job boards, LinkedIn, etc., by searching keywords like “off-cycle internship” or “fall/spring/winter internship.”
Since I have a lot of LinkedIn connections from running this site, I decided to do a quick search to see which specific banks have offered off-cycle internships.
I counted in this list any bank that appeared in at least one person’s profile with “off-cycle intern” as the person’s title at that bank:
Larger Banks That Have Offered Off-Cycle Internships: JPM, UBS, Lazard, Rothschild, Moelis, DB, William Blair, PJT, Jefferies, BBVA, SocGen, MS, BNP Paribas, GS, CS, Barclays, Nomura, HSBC, Evercore, ING, Citi, and Houlihan Lokey.
Other Banks That Have Offered Off-Cycle Internships: Goetzpartners, Yorkdale Partners, Berenberg, Intesa Sanpaolo, Atlas Advisors, Configure Partners, Torreya, JD Merit, Banca Akros, Berkery Noyes & Co., Clairfield International, Arctic Securities, Brocade River Merchants Capital, Stamford Partners, DNB Markets, Antarctica Advisors, Frontier Investment Banking, and AZ Capital.
I stopped reviewing the results after ~10 pages, but you could find dozens (hundreds?) of other names if you keep going.
How to Find an Off-Cycle Investment Banking Internship
If you’re aiming for boutiques, start by searching for local firms and looking on job boards and LinkedIn, as in the examples above.
To contact these firms and get responses, take a look at our guide on how to cold email for internships and follow the steps and templates there.
Winning an unstructured/unadvertised internship comes down to:
- Do they need help?
- Can you add value?
- Are they feeling nice today?
- Are you persistent about following up without crossing into “stalker” territory?
For off-cycle roles at large banks, you almost always need previous internships to be competitive, and it’s the same recruiting process as always.
The deadlines vary, but you might apply 4-6 months before the internship begins.
For example, if you’re targeting a London-based internship with a January start date, you might apply in August and go through interviews and the assessment center in September.
At boutique firms, the start date is “whenever you finish speaking with people there and convincing them you can do something useful.”
Interviews for Off-Cycle Internships
At the large banks, expect the usual set of investment banking interview questions and be prepared for all the common fit/behavioral and technical categories.
At boutique firms, interviews tend to be more qualitative.
They might still ask you general questions about topics like the DCF model, valuation, or the LBO model, but they’re not going to probe you on obscure details.
Common questions might include:
- Why are you interested in our firm? / Why investment banking?
- How much do you know about our clients?
- How can you save us time or contribute to deals?
- How can you help us if you have no previous work experience?
- How much do you know about what you do in an M&A deal?
It’s nothing difficult if you’ve read this site, but you do need to have some decent responses prepared.
I recommend downplaying your technical knowledge/skills here and focusing on how you can help them with administrative tasks.
They’ll be more likely to believe you, and there’s plenty of work in that area that full-time bankers never want to do.
What Happens During After an Off-Cycle Investment Banking Internship?
Please see the investment banking internship guide for tips about how to perform well in the internship itself.
You’re extremely unlikely to receive a full-time offer at a smaller bank, especially if you’re doing this off-cycle internship in Year 1 or 2 of university.
You’re there to get the name and work experience on your resume/CV and get a potential recommendation from the people at the firm.
If you’re doing this internship at a large bank, you’ve performed well, and the bank needs help, you should have at least a decent shot of converting it into a full-time offer.
But be careful because firms in certain countries are notorious for making interns go through endless off-cycle internships with no long-term hiring plans.
I’m not sure what you can do to avoid this other than research the firm and office and speak with others who interned there.
The Bottom Line: Are Off-Cycle Investment Banking Internships Worth It?
This question is a bit like asking whether a certain nutritional supplement, such as Vitamin D, is “worth it.”
If you already have healthy Vitamin D levels from sunlight and food, you don’t need supplements.
If not, or if you’re in a region where it’s very difficult to get enough, then supplements could be quite useful.
With off-cycle investment banking internships, you’re not going to benefit too much if you already have a highly relevant summer internship, good grades, and a top university, and you’ve started recruiting early.
But those are quite a few requirements, and most people will not have everything on the list.
Therefore, the off-cycle internship could be very useful in these situations:
- You Don’t Have a Year 1 Summer Internship or Your Internship Isn’t Relevant: Maybe you changed your mind about careers or didn’t know what you wanted to do initially in university.
- You Graduated Without Much/Any Relevant Work Experience: Doing these informal internships at small firms could be your best shot at breaking into finance.
- You Have Low(ish) Grades or Go to a Non-Target University: More internship experience helps offset these issues.
- You’re Taking a Gap Year or Have Other Unusual Timing: Summer internships might not be an option, but off-cycle ones certainly are.
I don’t think the other supposed benefits, such as “easier” recruiting or “reduced” hours, are the real benefits of most off-cycle investment banking internships.
Instead, off-cycle internships are useful mostly because they provide other paths into the industry and may improve your chances via the traditional summer internship route.
For Further Learning
If you want to learn more about off-cycle internships, take a look at these articles/interviews:
- Investment Banking in Europe (some discussion of off-cycle internships in various countries there)
- The IB Recruiting Timeline (some examples of off-cycle internships at boutique firms in the U.S.)
- From Private Equity Internship to Bulge Bracket Investment Banking (leveraging off-cycle internship into full-time roles in the U.K.)
