First, you need to calculate your grade in percentages. The total answers count 40 - it's 100%, so we to get a 1% value, divide 40 by 100 to get 0.40. Next, calculate the percentage of 10: divide 10 by 1% value (0.40), and you get 25.00% - it's your percentage grade.
The fraction shows how many “pieces” of the number there are, compared to how many there are possible. For instance, in the fraction 10/40, we could say that there are 10 pieces out of a possible 40 pieces.
First, we divide 40 by 100 to find the value of 1% of 40. Once we know the value of 1% of 40, we just have to multiply this by 5 to get the value of 5% of 40.
10 percent solution means the solute is only 10% in the solution, so taking the volume of the solvent 100 ml then the mass of the solute will be either 10 gram or 10 ml. For example, 10% solution of sodium chloride ($NaCl$) means 10 grams of sodium chloride is mixed in 100 ml of water.
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